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	<title>Comments on: Let us light a candle while we walk, lest we fear what lies ahead</title>
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	<link>http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/2008/02/10/fifty-years/</link>
	<description>A discussion of geopolitics, broadly defined, from an American's perspective.</description>
	<pubDate>Fri, 16 May 2008 04:47:58 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>By: The Resilient Community Initiative at</title>
		<link>http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/2008/02/10/fifty-years/#comment-1035</link>
		<dc:creator>The Resilient Community Initiative at</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 22 Feb 2008 20:55:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>[...] Let us light a candle while we walk, lest we fear what lies ahead [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Let us light a candle while we walk, lest we fear what lies ahead [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Fabius Maximus</title>
		<link>http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/2008/02/10/fifty-years/#comment-936</link>
		<dc:creator>Fabius Maximus</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 15:31:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/?p=139#comment-936</guid>
		<description>The problems in the financial sector are well-understood, having little to do with the personal character of its senior management.  It is called the "agency problem."  They are agents of the owners (shareholders).  Like all agents, they profit from gains in the business but do not share the losses.  Therefore their incentive is to take risks.  Unless restrained by the owners, these risks can destroy the business.

Corporate management in America is broken, with senior management taking home vast wealth in exchange for bad gambles (Wall Street) and/or bad stewardship (autos).  We are talking about wealth, not just big income.  The descendents of big company CEO's will not have to work for the next dozen generations.

There is always hope.  Some theologians believe that despair is the worst sin, as it shows lack of confidence in God.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The problems in the financial sector are well-understood, having little to do with the personal character of its senior management.  It is called the &#8220;agency problem.&#8221;  They are agents of the owners (shareholders).  Like all agents, they profit from gains in the business but do not share the losses.  Therefore their incentive is to take risks.  Unless restrained by the owners, these risks can destroy the business.</p>
<p>Corporate management in America is broken, with senior management taking home vast wealth in exchange for bad gambles (Wall Street) and/or bad stewardship (autos).  We are talking about wealth, not just big income.  The descendents of big company CEO&#8217;s will not have to work for the next dozen generations.</p>
<p>There is always hope.  Some theologians believe that despair is the worst sin, as it shows lack of confidence in God.</p>
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		<title>By: OldSkeptic</title>
		<link>http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/2008/02/10/fifty-years/#comment-933</link>
		<dc:creator>OldSkeptic</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 12:52:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/?p=139#comment-933</guid>
		<description>And on an optimistic level. Maybe, just maybe there are some change coming:

"Mr Rudd (new Prime Minister of Australia) said keeping commitments was the lifeblood of democracy. 'We ask ourselves why cynicism emerges in the Australian community about the operation of this place,' Mr Rudd told parliament. It goes to the practices that we have seen so often in the past whereby things were consigned to the dustbin of history once governments got past the day of the election itself." US Democrats should read this carefully.

And this is on a day when the nation wept over over this new new Government's apology to Australian Aborigines (google it, wonderful, short words and feeling, maybe our Gettysberg Address).

So there is hope.

Damn you Fabius, are you trying to turn me into an optimist? Do that and I suppose I'll have to get fired again trying to do the right thing (instead of giving up and taking the money until I retire).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>And on an optimistic level. Maybe, just maybe there are some change coming:</p>
<p>&#8220;Mr Rudd (new Prime Minister of Australia) said keeping commitments was the lifeblood of democracy. &#8216;We ask ourselves why cynicism emerges in the Australian community about the operation of this place,&#8217; Mr Rudd told parliament. It goes to the practices that we have seen so often in the past whereby things were consigned to the dustbin of history once governments got past the day of the election itself.&#8221; US Democrats should read this carefully.</p>
<p>And this is on a day when the nation wept over over this new new Government&#8217;s apology to Australian Aborigines (google it, wonderful, short words and feeling, maybe our Gettysberg Address).</p>
<p>So there is hope.</p>
<p>Damn you Fabius, are you trying to turn me into an optimist? Do that and I suppose I&#8217;ll have to get fired again trying to do the right thing (instead of giving up and taking the money until I retire).</p>
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		<title>By: OldSkeptic</title>
		<link>http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/2008/02/10/fifty-years/#comment-932</link>
		<dc:creator>OldSkeptic</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 10:40:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/?p=139#comment-932</guid>
		<description>Nope, I'm not harsh enough towards them. Their models were systemically wrong, greatly underestimating risk.  Better to use common sense or just toss a coin, at least sometimes you will be right (though you can seem to be ok for a short time, then until 'snake eyes' rolls up).

I thump into my staff's heads (when I'm not being fired of course):
(1) A simple model based on reliable data will always outperform a complex one based on rubbish.
(2) Always check your assumptions, especially the 'hidden' ones (see (3)).
(3) Most textbook statistics is irrelvent, as they are based on assumptions of normality (gaussian) and/or independence. In the real world these are actually rare events.

Now I'm pretty good at this sort of stuff, but mathematically many of those in the consultancies and banks, et al, would leave me for dead. But if I can build a robust, reliable model that more accurately calculated true risk, in my spare time at home, and is not dependent on these assumptions, then you have to ask some questions....

The reality is that many of them are incompetent and/or unethical, gutless b**t**ds, unwilling to tell the truth (like the people who agreed with me in private, but would never dare to talk to their bosses). I once, over a major decision, personally handed each director a copy of my report that proved that it would cost over a billion $ in losses, so they could not deny that they had not been warned. Now I got the boot, but had the joy of seeing them all go under later, one of which (hopefully) will go to jail (oh and I will visit him there when he arrives).

The future is something we build. We can build it well, badly or very badly. But anything built on fantasies, totally unrelated to reality, will always turn to custard.

And people have to stand up and be counted.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nope, I&#8217;m not harsh enough towards them. Their models were systemically wrong, greatly underestimating risk.  Better to use common sense or just toss a coin, at least sometimes you will be right (though you can seem to be ok for a short time, then until &#8217;snake eyes&#8217; rolls up).</p>
<p>I thump into my staff&#8217;s heads (when I&#8217;m not being fired of course):<br />
(1) A simple model based on reliable data will always outperform a complex one based on rubbish.<br />
(2) Always check your assumptions, especially the &#8216;hidden&#8217; ones (see (3)).<br />
(3) Most textbook statistics is irrelvent, as they are based on assumptions of normality (gaussian) and/or independence. In the real world these are actually rare events.</p>
<p>Now I&#8217;m pretty good at this sort of stuff, but mathematically many of those in the consultancies and banks, et al, would leave me for dead. But if I can build a robust, reliable model that more accurately calculated true risk, in my spare time at home, and is not dependent on these assumptions, then you have to ask some questions&#8230;.</p>
<p>The reality is that many of them are incompetent and/or unethical, gutless b**t**ds, unwilling to tell the truth (like the people who agreed with me in private, but would never dare to talk to their bosses). I once, over a major decision, personally handed each director a copy of my report that proved that it would cost over a billion $ in losses, so they could not deny that they had not been warned. Now I got the boot, but had the joy of seeing them all go under later, one of which (hopefully) will go to jail (oh and I will visit him there when he arrives).</p>
<p>The future is something we build. We can build it well, badly or very badly. But anything built on fantasies, totally unrelated to reality, will always turn to custard.</p>
<p>And people have to stand up and be counted.</p>
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		<title>By: Fabius Maximus</title>
		<link>http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/2008/02/10/fifty-years/#comment-921</link>
		<dc:creator>Fabius Maximus</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 02:10:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/?p=139#comment-921</guid>
		<description>I believe you are a bit harsh towards the fine boys and girls in the finance professions.  Merton and Scholes received the 1997 Nobel Prize in Economics for the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Scholes" rel="nofollow"&gt;Black Scholes model&lt;/a&gt; and related work (with honorable mention to Black, ineligible since he was dead).  The assumptions are simplifications of the real world.  Objecting to this gets as much attention as telling your Physics 101 professor that there is no such thing as an "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas" rel="nofollow"&gt;ideal gas&lt;/a&gt;."

In the finance business they use the best tools available.  They can hardly close shop and play horseshoes until someone develops the perfect maximum theory of finance (which would, of course, render markets unnecessary).

The problems that vex markets, cycles of undervaluation and overvaluation, are just one manifestation of economic cycles of overinvestment and underinvestment -- the primary driver of booms and busts.  Do these result from limitations in the software of the human reasoning process?  Our inability to avoid emotions controlling our logic?  Flaws burned into us by God following the apple incident in Eden?  

Whatever the causes, they have been with us since we were fighting dogs for carrion on the Serengeti Plains.  Despite them we have advanced quite a bit.  Not as high as we wish, but higher than your pessimistic view would suggest.

You might enjoy reading one of the greatest history books ever written, in terms of giving a better understanding of human nature:  &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Extraordinary-Popular-Delusions-Madness-Crowds/dp/051788433X" rel="nofollow"&gt;Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds&lt;/a&gt;, by Charles Mackay (1841).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I believe you are a bit harsh towards the fine boys and girls in the finance professions.  Merton and Scholes received the 1997 Nobel Prize in Economics for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Scholes" rel="nofollow">Black Scholes model</a> and related work (with honorable mention to Black, ineligible since he was dead).  The assumptions are simplifications of the real world.  Objecting to this gets as much attention as telling your Physics 101 professor that there is no such thing as an &#8220;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas" rel="nofollow">ideal gas</a>.&#8221;</p>
<p>In the finance business they use the best tools available.  They can hardly close shop and play horseshoes until someone develops the perfect maximum theory of finance (which would, of course, render markets unnecessary).</p>
<p>The problems that vex markets, cycles of undervaluation and overvaluation, are just one manifestation of economic cycles of overinvestment and underinvestment &#8212; the primary driver of booms and busts.  Do these result from limitations in the software of the human reasoning process?  Our inability to avoid emotions controlling our logic?  Flaws burned into us by God following the apple incident in Eden?  </p>
<p>Whatever the causes, they have been with us since we were fighting dogs for carrion on the Serengeti Plains.  Despite them we have advanced quite a bit.  Not as high as we wish, but higher than your pessimistic view would suggest.</p>
<p>You might enjoy reading one of the greatest history books ever written, in terms of giving a better understanding of human nature:  <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Extraordinary-Popular-Delusions-Madness-Crowds/dp/051788433X" rel="nofollow">Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds</a>, by Charles Mackay (1841).</p>
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		<title>By: OldSkeptic</title>
		<link>http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/2008/02/10/fifty-years/#comment-919</link>
		<dc:creator>OldSkeptic</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 01:27:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/?p=139#comment-919</guid>
		<description>Yes humans are resiliant but the world is littered with civilisations that totally collapsed (read Jared Diamond's book Collapse). When stupidity becomes institutional (mass group think) and the risks very large, the probability of going totally under is significant. Will it happen to some of our societies? The book is out on that one.

A real life  example

Fabius, statistics is one of the most powerful tools for understanding complexity and getting some meaning out of the world ... it is also one of the most misused. The thing to realise is that in the real world very few things are gaussian (Black Swan idea), but nearly all stats used is based on this (and some other) underlying assumptions, basically because it is easy to work the maths.  The current economic meltdown being topical, take the famous Scholes-Black formula (for 'risk free' stock options trading). This and some like it have been widely used for stock/derivative/et al trading. The author actually won a Nobel Prize in Economics. This and models like it, have been at the heart of the mass insanity of the financial bubble that is now melting down (to the tune of $ trillions).

It's a lovely piece of maths, there is only one tiny little thing wrong with ... it doesn't work as the underlying assumptions are RUBBISH. You know how long it took me to work out it was wrong? 30 minutes, with some real data downloaded and a spreadsheet.  I did a paper on it and presented it at a conference (and worked out an approach that actually DOES work) this was about 8 years ago. Interest? Totally zero, though lot of people came up to afterwords and privately admitted that they knew SB didn't work, but that their organisations used it anyway.

This stands out as a shining example of individual, institutional and organisational stupidity of the highest scale, worldwide across banks, regulators, insurance companies, investment houses, et al.

Now when we get to (and seem to be continuing at) that level of stupidity, then you really have to question our survival probability as a society.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yes humans are resiliant but the world is littered with civilisations that totally collapsed (read Jared Diamond&#8217;s book Collapse). When stupidity becomes institutional (mass group think) and the risks very large, the probability of going totally under is significant. Will it happen to some of our societies? The book is out on that one.</p>
<p>A real life  example</p>
<p>Fabius, statistics is one of the most powerful tools for understanding complexity and getting some meaning out of the world &#8230; it is also one of the most misused. The thing to realise is that in the real world very few things are gaussian (Black Swan idea), but nearly all stats used is based on this (and some other) underlying assumptions, basically because it is easy to work the maths.  The current economic meltdown being topical, take the famous Scholes-Black formula (for &#8216;risk free&#8217; stock options trading). This and some like it have been widely used for stock/derivative/et al trading. The author actually won a Nobel Prize in Economics. This and models like it, have been at the heart of the mass insanity of the financial bubble that is now melting down (to the tune of $ trillions).</p>
<p>It&#8217;s a lovely piece of maths, there is only one tiny little thing wrong with &#8230; it doesn&#8217;t work as the underlying assumptions are RUBBISH. You know how long it took me to work out it was wrong? 30 minutes, with some real data downloaded and a spreadsheet.  I did a paper on it and presented it at a conference (and worked out an approach that actually DOES work) this was about 8 years ago. Interest? Totally zero, though lot of people came up to afterwords and privately admitted that they knew SB didn&#8217;t work, but that their organisations used it anyway.</p>
<p>This stands out as a shining example of individual, institutional and organisational stupidity of the highest scale, worldwide across banks, regulators, insurance companies, investment houses, et al.</p>
<p>Now when we get to (and seem to be continuing at) that level of stupidity, then you really have to question our survival probability as a society.</p>
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		<title>By: Fabius Maximus</title>
		<link>http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/2008/02/10/fifty-years/#comment-917</link>
		<dc:creator>Fabius Maximus</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 00:54:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/?p=139#comment-917</guid>
		<description>No, but am familar with the concept.  It's an old and powerful one, dusted off and re-introduced anew to each generation.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>No, but am familar with the concept.  It&#8217;s an old and powerful one, dusted off and re-introduced anew to each generation.</p>
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		<title>By: Soob</title>
		<link>http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/2008/02/10/fifty-years/#comment-915</link>
		<dc:creator>Soob</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Feb 2008 22:25:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/?p=139#comment-915</guid>
		<description>Brilliant post.
It's amusing to see people utilize the "cyclical" nature of history to predict the demise of human kind, while at the same time completely ignoring the "cyclical" nature of history and the overwhelming evidence it presents in favor of human ingenuity to overcome or evolve beyond impending "catastrophe." I think human resilience is often rather underestimated.  
FM, have you read Nassim Taleb's "Black Swan"?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Brilliant post.<br />
It&#8217;s amusing to see people utilize the &#8220;cyclical&#8221; nature of history to predict the demise of human kind, while at the same time completely ignoring the &#8220;cyclical&#8221; nature of history and the overwhelming evidence it presents in favor of human ingenuity to overcome or evolve beyond impending &#8220;catastrophe.&#8221; I think human resilience is often rather underestimated.<br />
FM, have you read Nassim Taleb&#8217;s &#8220;Black Swan&#8221;?</p>
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		<title>By: Fabius Maximus</title>
		<link>http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/2008/02/10/fifty-years/#comment-908</link>
		<dc:creator>Fabius Maximus</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Feb 2008 14:36:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/?p=139#comment-908</guid>
		<description>THanks for sending this.  That makes explicit what I have suspected about the greens, that for many their concern for the environment was secondary to their quest for power.

This is truly cracked.  China is one of the most heavily polluted nations, ever.  No signs of concern for the environment, except in Mr Shearman's active imagination.  Also those liberal democracies he despises have a far better green scorecard than the tyrannies he appears to love.

And (this is totally off-topic), the danger from antropolic global warming (industrial co2 emmissions forcing climate change) is a theory.  More and better data is needed before drawing conclusions imo, with much greater compliance with the rules about making the data and calculation available for review by others.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>THanks for sending this.  That makes explicit what I have suspected about the greens, that for many their concern for the environment was secondary to their quest for power.</p>
<p>This is truly cracked.  China is one of the most heavily polluted nations, ever.  No signs of concern for the environment, except in Mr Shearman&#8217;s active imagination.  Also those liberal democracies he despises have a far better green scorecard than the tyrannies he appears to love.</p>
<p>And (this is totally off-topic), the danger from antropolic global warming (industrial co2 emmissions forcing climate change) is a theory.  More and better data is needed before drawing conclusions imo, with much greater compliance with the rules about making the data and calculation available for review by others.</p>
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		<title>By: Greg Panfile</title>
		<link>http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/2008/02/10/fifty-years/#comment-907</link>
		<dc:creator>Greg Panfile</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Feb 2008 14:09:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/?p=139#comment-907</guid>
		<description>Greetings, Fab et al... cribbed this from Andrew Sullivan:

Environmentalist David Shearman thinks democracy is hopeless if you need to save the planet:

   &lt;em&gt; ...the savvy Chinese rulers may be first out of the blocks to assuage greenhouse emissions and they will succeed by delivering orders. They will recognize that the alternative is famine and social disorder.

    &lt;em&gt;Let us contrast this with the indecisiveness of the democracies which together produce approximately the other half of the world’s greenhouse emissions.[...]&lt;/em&gt;

    &lt;em&gt;Liberal democracy is sweet and addictive and indeed in the most extreme case, the USA, unbridled individual liberty overwhelms many of the collective needs of the citizens. The subject is almost sacrosanct and those who indulge in criticism are labeled as Marxists, socialists, fundamentalists and worse. These labels are used because alternatives to democracy cannot be perceived! Support for Western democracy is messianic as proselytized by a President leading a flawed democracy.&lt;/em&gt;

    &lt;em&gt;There must be open minds to look critically at liberal democracy. Reform must involve the adoption of structures to act quickly regardless of some perceived liberties. &lt;/em&gt;(*end cribbing*)

The point being that yes, I absolutely agree that we have the knowledge and the mettle to save ourselves, as both a nation and a race.  But there is no free lunch, and one corollary of all this is that we need different structures and concepts.  It may be that the bidirectional devolution of power from the nation-state both up to multinational entities and down to localities, enabled by technology, is essential.  However that means giving up certain feelings and mental attitudes, many of which are dearly and closely held.  Just sayin'.  gp</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Greetings, Fab et al&#8230; cribbed this from Andrew Sullivan:</p>
<p>Environmentalist David Shearman thinks democracy is hopeless if you need to save the planet:</p>
<p>   <em> &#8230;the savvy Chinese rulers may be first out of the blocks to assuage greenhouse emissions and they will succeed by delivering orders. They will recognize that the alternative is famine and social disorder.</p>
<p>    </em><em>Let us contrast this with the indecisiveness of the democracies which together produce approximately the other half of the world’s greenhouse emissions.[...]</em></p>
<p>    <em>Liberal democracy is sweet and addictive and indeed in the most extreme case, the USA, unbridled individual liberty overwhelms many of the collective needs of the citizens. The subject is almost sacrosanct and those who indulge in criticism are labeled as Marxists, socialists, fundamentalists and worse. These labels are used because alternatives to democracy cannot be perceived! Support for Western democracy is messianic as proselytized by a President leading a flawed democracy.</em></p>
<p>    <em>There must be open minds to look critically at liberal democracy. Reform must involve the adoption of structures to act quickly regardless of some perceived liberties. </em>(*end cribbing*)</p>
<p>The point being that yes, I absolutely agree that we have the knowledge and the mettle to save ourselves, as both a nation and a race.  But there is no free lunch, and one corollary of all this is that we need different structures and concepts.  It may be that the bidirectional devolution of power from the nation-state both up to multinational entities and down to localities, enabled by technology, is essential.  However that means giving up certain feelings and mental attitudes, many of which are dearly and closely held.  Just sayin&#8217;.  gp</p>
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